一步一步教你安装Nginx+PHP+Mysql
三月 4, 2010 by admin · Leave a Comment
发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,有不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是DiaHosting上的32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.
安装步骤:
1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror yum -y update yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff* yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese
2,下载相关程序源码包
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php
3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.13.1/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ ./configure make make install cd ../
4,安装mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz cd mysql-5.1.44 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile make && make install cd ../
创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf
groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql chkconfig --level 345 mysql on echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf ldconfig ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql service mysql start /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root //root改为你需要的密码 service mysql restart
5,安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1 cd php-5.2.12/ ./buildconf --force ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini cd ../
6,安装PHP扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz cd memcache-2.2.5/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql make make install cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/ /usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/ cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
如果是64位系统,则
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/ cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini< <EOF [Zend Optimizer] zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1 zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so" EOF
7,修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
配置php.ini
cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini< <EOF [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="1" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only" eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only" eaccelerator.content = "disk_only" EOF
9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录
groupadd www useradd -g www www mkdir -p /home/www chmod +w /home/www mkdir -p /home/www/logs chmod 777 /home/www/logs chown -R www:www /home/www
10,创建php-fpm配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改
< ?xml version="1.0" ?> <configuration> All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix <section name="global_options"> Pid file <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> Error log file <value name="error_log">/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log</value> Log level <value name="log_level">notice</value> When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ... <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated. Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory. <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> Set to 'no' to debug fpm <value name="daemonize">yes</value> </section> <workers> <section name="pool"> Name of pool. Used in logs and stats. <value name="name">default</value> Address to accept fastcgi requests on. Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket' <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> <value name="listen_options"> Set listen(2) backlog </value><value name="backlog">-1</value> Set permissions for unix socket, if one used. In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server. Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. <value name="owner">www</value> <value name="group">www</value> <value name="mode">0666</value> Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. <value name="php_defines"> <!-- <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> --> <!-- <value name="display_errors">0 --> Unix user of processes <value name="user">www</value> Unix group of processes <value name="group">www</value> Process manager settings <value name="pm"> Sets style of controling worker process count. Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like' </value><value name="style">static</value> Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served. Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi Used with any pm_style. <value name="max_children">5</value> Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style <value name="apache_like"> Sets the number of server processes created on startup. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected </value><value name="StartServers">20</value> Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value> Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value> The log file for slow requests <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value> Set open file desc rlimit <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value> Set max core size rlimit <value name="rlimit_core">0</value> Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chroot"></value> Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chdir"></value> Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> How much requests each process should execute before respawn. Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For endless request processing please specify 0 Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS <value name="max_requests">102400</value> Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect. Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+) Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket. <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment <value name="environment"> </value><value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> <value name="TMP">/tmp</value> <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value> <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> </section> </workers> </configuration>
11,启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为www
ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload
12,安装Nginx
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz cd pcre-8.01/ ./configure make && make install cd ../ tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.65/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module make && make install cd ../
13,创建Nginx配置文件
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容:
user www www; worker_processes 1; error_log /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #charse gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 128k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; server { listen 80; server_name vps.imcat.in; index index.html index.htm index.php; include location.conf; root /home/www; } include servers/*; }
14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf
输入内容:
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 12h; }
多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/imcat.conf
内容:
server { listen 80; server_name imcat.in; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /home/www/imcat; }
请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:
ulimit -SHn 65535 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
放个探针看看
mv index.php /home/www/
访问你的IP看看吧!
15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库
tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin
16,配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local
17,优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在最后加入
# Add net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768 net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 #net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 #net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
18,需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:
yum -y install vsftpd /etc/init.d/vsftpd start chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
19,请务必更改www用户密码:
passwd www
全文完!欢迎抓错误!
转载自：猫言猫语
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